Vascular Surgeon Email Lists: A vascular surgeon is a physician who specializes in diagnosing, managing, and treating diseases of the blood vessels. As well as surgery on veins (for May-Thurner syndrome and varicose veins), vascular surgery deals with the aorta, carotid arteries, and lower extremities, including the iliac, femoral, and tibial arteries. Vascular surgery also includes transplant surgery and dialysis access surgery in some parts of the world.